About the Conference

According to all reports, the concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere are increasing continuously. There are alarming projections of GHG emissions including HFCs. In Europe, an EU Regulation 842 on F-gases has been introduced which is revised in 2014 with more adopted restrictions, including phase-down of HFCs. More than 110 countries support the proposal for phase-down of HFCs within the Montreal Protocol, but no agreement has been reached so far. In the meantime, new HFC refrigerants (named HFOs) with low GWPs are announced.

In the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry, confusion and uncertainties related to working fluids in many applications are continuing. In addition, there are many groups with diverging interests: chemical companies, manufacturers of equipment, distributors, users, environmental organizations, politicians and the public.

Despite many difficulties, the global trend towards using natural refrigerants is intensifying. There are very positive signals in Europe and some parts in the world where expanding use of ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons in various applications is occurring. We will eliminate all uncertainties in the future regarding both Protocols and environmental regulations applying to natural refrigerants.

Of all refrigerants applied today, ammonia and CO2 are the oldest that have been used since the 19th century. The topics of the conference are: design of modern ammonia and new CO2 systems and technological innovations, improving energy efficiency, various applications, technical guidelines and safety regulations. It is very clear: by using more ammonia and CO2 refrigerants, we are employing environmentally friendly technologies.

The previous five conferences were very successful, so we look forward to the 6th Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technologies. Use the opportunity to see the beautiful city of Ohrid and Ohrid Lake!

Organizers:

www.mf.edu.mk - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering - Skopje
www.iifiir.org - International Institute of Refrigeration

Programme Sponsors:

www.eurammon.com - European Association for Ammonia Refrigeration
www.iiar.org - International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration

Other useful websites:

www.ashrae.org - ASHRAE (USA)
www.aff.asso.fr - Association Francaise du Froid
www.dkv.org - DKV (Germany)
www.ior.org.uk - Institute of Refrigeration (UK)
www.knvvk.nl - Royal Dutch Association of Refrigeration (The Netherlands)
www.airah.org.au - Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Airconditioning and Heating